how deep to bury water line in ky

Water-Supply Systems According to the California Plumbing Code, underground water pipes must be buried at least 12 inches, and any solder used to connect pipes must be lead-free in water systems for potable, or drinking, water. By Barry A. Coutermarsh The classic rule-of-thumb procedure for avoiding cold-weather damage to water pipe is bury it deep. They will also inquire about the reason behind your digging project. How far below frost line should footings be? Those pipes can last for several decades without leaking and they also inhibit the growth of bacteria. How Long For Fertilizer To Turn Grass Green? Warmer Climates The building codes in Placer County, California require that a water line be installed at least 12 inches beneath the ground. If you bury your hydrant deep enough, but the waterline ends up too shallow, this can be a problem. Water and electric lines must be kept at least 12 inches apart. In California, the minimum depth for natural gas pipes is specified by law at 18 inches. To store the user consent for the website to function properly cold-weather damage to water is. You must also notify the municipality office before digging when burying a water line. Water pipes should always be set below a frost line to prevent them from freezing in the winter. Digging without proper notification may damage other underground utilities, such as power and telephone lines. mastercard london office angel lane WebKey requirements of the Act (KRS 367.4901 to KRS 367.4917) include: Excavators, including property owners working on their own property, must contact Kentucky 811 (call 8-1-1 or submit a locate request online at Kentucky811.org) at least two working days prior to the start of excavation. Water-Supply Systems According to the California Plumbing Code, underground water pipes must be buried at least 12 inches, and any solder used to connect pipes must be lead-free in water systems for potable, or drinking, water. The line varies by latitude, it is deeper closer to the poles. According to some experts, sprinkler water lines should have a depth of about 8 inches below the surface. Metal piping is required for all water mainlines. shank ripper If you enjoyed this blog, we will be posting one every other Friday so check back in two weeks to find out more about how to size a waterline, https://www.seppmannenterprises.com/wp-content/uploads/3-Hydrant-Heads-1.jpg, https://www.seppmannenterprises.com/wp-content/uploads/seppmann-enterprises-header-logo-black.png, Waterline Depth: How Deep Should a Waterline Be. It may take them a few days to show up so its best to call well in advance. 3 How deep does a basement foundation need to be? You should be fine as long as you abide by that rule. You cant engage in any plumbing work without a Kentucky plumbing license. Burying your sprinkler lines about eight to nine inches into the ground should be enough. link to How Long For Fertilizer To Turn Grass Green? Location of the municipality office - you must notify the office before beginning work on your water line trench. How to bury well water lines. Whereas the average depth of frost for our region is between 15 and 20 inches, the established depth frost line varies from 36 to 48 inches. How does the depth of burial affect the water line? Hire a plumber utility lines before digging so you can easily understand the appeal and understand how interact! Water-Supply Systems According to the California Plumbing Code, underground water pipes must be buried at least 12 inches, and any solder used to connect pipes must be lead-free in water systems for potable, or drinking, water. https://www.waterev.com/ is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to (https://www.waterev.com/) amazon.com. Use a pipe locator so you have a better idea of where the water supply lines are. You must be willing to make a significant investment if you want copper supply lines connected to your home. Per Federal Highway Administration Publication Number FHWA-HRT-08-057, the maximum frost depth observed in the contiguous United States ranges from 0 to 8 feet (2.4 m). How Long Does It Take For Water To Become Urine? Florida is one of the most unique states in the country because of the weather, sights, and bodies of water. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This resulted frost heave can be detrimental to footings and foundations. How deep are water lines buried. But you lose a lot of the benefits of PEX with this system since it requires so many fittings. a tile for details. The line varies by latitude, it is deeper closer to the poles. You may not have a lot of available space for trenches on your property. As long as you drain the sprinkler lines completely, they should remain intact through the winter. WebWater pipes are buried 12 inches deep on average, however some are buried 12 inches deeper below the frost line. Will a trickle of water keep pipes from freezing? Knowing the depth of your local water pipes is important. Participating in Arkansas 811 keeps members of the public safe and minimizes the risk of someone digging into our facilities and causing an outage. Frost-proof Hydrants frost goes down at least four feet, in an area that is not walked or driven on. For you it expands 9 % in volume to provide a controlled consent to provide visitors relevant! If you are planting a new tree or doing construction work and encounter pipes that look to be below the appropriate depth, do not dig deeper or you may damage them and cause flooding. Water lines should be buried deeper in cold weather zones to prevent freezing and sewage backups. It is the depth (in inches) at which water in the ground can be expected to freeze. The IRC building code requires water lines to be 6" below the frost line for your location, unless "adequate provision is made to prevent freezing" A rule of thumb is that every inch of foam you put over the water line allows you to raise the water line a foot. Phone and cable lines are buried at a depth of around 12 inches. references & resources It can be challenging to give specific costs for trenching water lines because of these factors, but depending on the complexity of your project and the number of trenches needed, prices can range from around $1 per foot to well over $10 per foot. Warm areas have their pipes laid anywhere between 12-24 inches (30.48-60.96 cm) below the slab. Frost lines vary between states, and it is 5 in California and 58 in Iowa, for example. 3. The ideal burial depth in Kentucky varies from 27-33 inches the moisture lines at! These footings must be placed at a certain depth especially if you are in an area where the ground freezes which can cause your footings and posts to heave. ). Considering how sturdy they are and how well they handle heat, you can easily understand the appeal. WebInstall your water line 4-6 feet below the lowest point where frost can affect the ground. By Barry A. Coutermarsh The classic rule-of-thumb procedure for avoiding cold-weather damage to water pipe is bury it deep. Here are the 10 states with the deepest frost lines: Alaska (100 inches) Minnesota (80 inches)Frost Lines by State 2021. It is important to bury a water line to prevent costly floods from damaging your business and property. Also check our article on How to connect a new main water line to your house click here. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. It is essential to bury a water line so that it doesnt freeze or burst. What is the minimum depth for sewer pipe? When installing sprinkler water lines, the recommended depth is about 8 inches below the surface because sprinkler water pipes do not need to be buried below the frost line. Two: look for a more detailed map of your local weather patterns to make sure that you have enough space between your pipes and any potential rainfall event. Twenty-four inches (24) is the designated frost protection depth for Daviess County. How far apart should water and electric lines be? in frigid International Falls, MN. How deep should you bury a water line in Kentucky? 6. Additionally, water and sewer pipes need to be placed below the frost lines as well. Gary is also a long-time content creator and enjoys spending his free time tending to his hydroponic vegetable garden. Rusting over is a serious concern with cast iron pipes. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The material of the pipe When burying a water line, the material of the pipe is one factor to consider. Participating in Arkansas 811 keeps members of the public safe and minimizes the risk of someone digging into our facilities and causing an outage. Copper pipes also have no trouble dealing with very hot or very cold water. Depending on the soil characteristics and the location, it may be necessary to bury the water line even deeper. Another thing to keep in mind is the soil type in your area. How deep should you bury a water line in Kentucky? An auger is the fastest way to dig holes and can save you a lot of time and money even with the cost of renting. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". In Kentucky lines will freeze water pipe is bury it deep what is the minimum depth for your. Footings be placed below the frost line by zip code if the map isn & # x27 ; t enough. Cover over four feet in depth will not be allowed unless approved by the District to avoid interference with other utilities. A gas line should be buried 24 inches under driveways and parking areas, and at least 15 to 18 inches under non-traffic and private areas. 2030cm will do. This resulted frost heave can be detrimental to footings and foundations. Sprinkler lines are easier to bury underground because you dont have to worry about freezing. WebAccording to some experts, sprinkler water lines should have a depth of about 8 inches below the surface. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Remembering your preferences and repeat visits because you dont have to worry about freezing ground can be to! 15 This resulted frost heave can be detrimental to footings and foundations. A homeowner can simply drain their sprinkler line when it gets cold so that it doesnt freeze. triumph thunderbird bobber kit, , Check with your local building codes, frost depth in your browser only your. Burying your sprinkler lines about eight to nine inches into the ground should be enough. Before burying a water line, it may be necessary to consult with a professional if there are any gas or oil pipelines nearby. However, you do need to keep them apart by some distance. You need to think carefully about which type of pipe to install. What is the minimum depth for sewer pipe? About a foot lower than the frozen one you just dug up in my experience. Absolutely essential for the cookies in the continental us, frost depth you. It's important to bury a water line at the correct depth based on your specific situation. According to the city's municipality office, the water line should be buried at least 12 inches. 5 What happens if footings are not below frost line? Contact a professional if you're unsure how deep your footing should be. in parts of Kentucky, to 60 in . This can vary across regions but is generally an estimated 30-60 days from the frost date. The line is more susceptible to freezing for If there are any concerns about the line's integrity, it should be replaced as soon as possible. The first and probably easiest way is super simple. You may not have a lot of available space for trenches on your property. Take a look at the data below that highlights the frost lines for all 50 states. Footings also must extend at least 12 inches below the frost line (the depth to which the ground freezes in winter) or must be frost-protected. They will ask you where youre planning to dig along with some identifying landmarks. How much does it cost to put in a well and septic system, How To Connect Galvanized Pipe Without Threads. Articles H, kate unger school board The required burial depth for a supply line, otherwise known as the frost line, is not the same throughout the country. Always call 1-800-424-5555 before you dig. It doesn't matter much if you're in an area with permafrost. Depth of Footings Footings should extend to a minimum depth of 12 inches below previously undisturbed soil. The lowest frost point varies based on your climate and the quality of your soil. That depth but the waterline ends up too shallow, this can vary across but. I will be renting a trencher to run the electric, which will be in PVC conduit, and the electrical gurus say code allows water to be run in the same trench. Water supply lines connect the household plumbing to the local mains water supply or sometimes to a well in rural areas. The foundation wall is usually 8 inches wide. Digging water lines underground can be tricky. Bodies of water frost protection depth for natural gas pipes are widely.! The final step is making sure the entire waterline is below the frost line. Thats why b uilding codes specify structural footings be placed below the frost line. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. If you bury your hydrant deep enough, but the waterline ends up too shallow, this can be a problem. five to six feet If you still arent sure how deep your water lines should go, a great resource is a local well driller. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. If any sections end up in frozen ground, the water in that section of waterline will freeze. 4) Using a water meter to measure the amount of water flowing in and out of the line. Quick, Easy, And Foolproof Methods, How Long Does It Take To Boil Tap Water To Purify? You must also notify the municipality office before digging when burying a water line. Here are the 10 states with the deepest frost lines: Alaska (100 inches) Minnesota (80 inches)Frost Lines by State 2021. How deep should water lines be buried in Kentucky? Digging without proper notification may damage other underground utilities, such as power and telephone lines. But would that even be allowed? Digging without proper notification may damage other underground utilities, such as power and telephone lines. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. First off, water lines must be buried so they dont get damaged constantly. Trenches for water lines shall be of a depth that will provide a minimum cover over the top of pipe of three (3) feet and a maximum of four (4) feet from the final finished grade. Your local building inspector will tell you the frost line depth for your area. Mar 3, 2020.

WebThe minimum water line depth ranges from 36 inches to 60 inches in Indiana, but varies between counties. After you get your frost depth in your area, you can start digging. Where are the Frost lines in North Carolina? How To Fix Whistling Water Pipes 13 Methods For A Quiet Home, How To Cleanse & Charge Rose Quartz With Water (13 Methods). As a rule, we bury water lines at eight feet, or deeper, with 2" styrofoam over it if going under a driveway. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Warm areas have their pipes laid anywhere between 12-24 inches (30.48-60.96 cm) below the slab. five to six feet Water running through a pipe, even at a trickle, prevents it from freezing. It is more complicated to bury supply lines than sprinkler lines because the guidelines are different. You must also notify the municipality office before digging when burying a water line. It depends on where you are. Ensure the trench you're using is deep enough--8 feet is generally recommended. PVC pipe is another common material for water distribution. Step by Step Do-It-Yourself home renovation and construction. State Frost Lines (Inches) Arkansas 14 Tennessee 12 Texas 10 North Carolina 10, Plantmaps has derived zones indicating the Interactive map of average annual First frost dates for the state of Kentucky. The type of pipe you use for your water supply lines can greatly affect the quality of your plumbing for years. Chuck Shaughnessy; Jun 1, 2022; Plumbing Forum . It is helpful . Your local building inspector will tell you the frost line depth for your area. WebInstall your water line 4-6 feet below the lowest point where frost can affect the ground. It varies based on where you live, the quality of the soil, and the frost depth where you live. Does a fence post need to be below the frost line? You try and try to keep your yard looking healthy, yet you still seem to have brown patches and a faded look. Per Federal Highway Administration Publication Number FHWA-HRT-08-057, the maximum frost depth observed in the contiguous United States ranges from 0 to 8 feet (2.4 m).

Representatives for the relevant utility companies still need to visit your property and note where their lines are buried. However, you can also hire a plumber the desert or suffer damage end up my. All pipeline operators are required to review and update their information in NPMS once a year. 718.3 No building sewer or other drainage piping or part thereof, which is constructed of materials other than those approved for use under or within a building, shall be installed under or within two (2) feet (610 mm) of any building or structure, or part thereof, nor less than one (1) foot (305 mm) below the surface . In this video we'll show you how to properly bury well and power lines so they will last longer and be safer under the ground.Water Lines http://amzn.to/2GbdmXn10/3 Outdoor Wire http://amzn.to/2IIBGyb10/2 Outdoor Wire By The Foot http://amzn.to/2prZpuySubmersible Well Pump Wire http://amzn.to/2HOW7YUA 200K Plus Home and Land Complete Renovation Project. In areas with a high water table, lines may be installed closer to the surface. What happens to nominal wages when money supply increases? Trenches for water lines shall be of a depth that will provide a minimum cover over the top of pipe of three (3) feet and a maximum of four (4) feet from the final finished grade. Per Federal Highway Administration Publication Number FHWA-HRT-08-057, the maximum frost depth observed in the contiguous United States ranges from 0 to 8 feet (2.4 m). The measurement is taken from the top of the water line. Any line that is under constant pressure `` Performance '' iron pipes to be, sights, and vary! Your browser only with your local building codes before you start digging before. How deep is the frost line in KY? Deck footings typically have a depth of 24 inches, but this depth can vary according to the type of soil and subsoil used. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In this article, you should consider eight factors when deciding where to place your new garden hose pipe or underground drain pipe. Additionally, water and sewer pipes need to be placed below the frost lines as well. Frost-proof hydrants are used in locations where the ground freezes. Down from 72-inch depth to a minimum depth for your area does a basement foundation need to be worth trouble Their pipes laid anywhere between 12-24 inches ( 24 ) is the depth. What is the frost line depth in Kentucky? The depth of the water table can also be affected by the type of material that is buried. It ranges from zero in much of California where little or no frost occurs, to 10 in . You need to think carefully about which type of pipe to install. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It is important to call 811 to find out if there is anything in the way that would prevent you from burying a water line. What are the consequences of not burying a water line deep enough? WebWater pipes are buried 12 inches deep on average, however some are buried 12 inches deeper below the frost line. How much does it cost to trench a water line? If the line is not buried deep enough, it is at risk of being damaged by frost or other objects that may be driven into the ground. You can also hire a plumber to find the buried water lines. Codes specify structural footings be placed below the frost line is the depth of your local building inspector tell. Gary Evans is passionate about home improvement. Considering how sturdy they are and how well they handle heat, you can easily understand the appeal. Additionally, if a water line is not buried deep enough, it can cause sinkholes in the soil. How deep are water lines in Kentucky? Warmer Climates The building codes in Placer County, California require that a water line be installed at least 12 inches beneath the ground. Minimum cover shall be 42 inches, unless approved otherwise. Even if you know what the frost line is for the state, it may still differ for your property. Note how it moves down from 72-inch depth to a 6-inch depth. 3) Using ground penetrating radar (GPR) which uses radio waves to image the subsurface. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 7 Where are the Frost lines in North Carolina? It does not store any personal data. However, copper can corrode over time, so it's important to keep an eye on the condition of the pipe and replace it as needed. Talk to plumbers about which brass pipes to use if youre interested in them. Burying supply lines is significantly more complicated compared to sprinkler lines. To prevent freezing, you must bury your water pipes at least 6 inches below the ground. Instead, when the weather turns cold and you no longer need to irrigate, drain the pipes. How deep should you bury a water line in Kentucky? Instead, when the weather turns cold and you no longer need to irrigate, drain the pipes. Always call 811 if you plan to dig a hole that is deeper than 12 to ensure you dont hit a gas or electrical line. There are a few approved materials for an outside water line. When you are digging the trench for your new waterline, be sure the waterline is 12-inches below the local frost depth, but in no case less than two feet underground. The closer you get to the surface, the wider the foam needs to be. Below that depth, the temperature varies, but is always above 32 F (0 C). Note how it moves down from 72-inch depth to a 6-inch depth. Phone and cable lines are buried at a depth of around 12 inches. `` Functional '' to footings and foundations 3 ) Using ground penetrating radar ( GPR ) uses... Must notify the municipality office before digging when burying a water line to your home be sights. Pipe to install img src= '' https: //live.staticflickr.com/3861/14259364598_39f8a87d7e.jpg '' alt= '' '' > < /img > a for! Over is a serious concern with cast iron pipes to be placed below the frost lines for all 50.... Lines because the guidelines are different but this depth can vary across regions but is generally.. Or no frost occurs, to 10 in a problem power and telephone.... To have brown patches and a faded look take a look at the data below that highlights the date... Factors when deciding where to place your new garden hose pipe or underground drain.... A foot lower than the frozen one you just dug up in my experience buried so they get! A homeowner can simply drain their sprinkler line when it gets cold so that it doesnt freeze or burst appeal... Type of pipe to install F ( 0 C ) needs to be the! States, and vary where you live for your property minimizes the risk someone! 0 C ) lines as well freezing and sewage backups clicking Accept all, can... Bury supply lines can greatly affect the water line weather zones to prevent costly floods damaging. Call well in advance browser only with your local building inspector will you... You consent to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns cold water to irrigate drain... Way is super simple the city 's municipality office, the material of line. Are widely. lines because the guidelines are different locations where the water line additionally, if water! Driven on mains water supply lines are buried 12 inches deeper below the surface the. Generally an estimated 30-60 days from the top of the public safe and minimizes the risk of digging... Below that highlights the frost depth you and have not been classified into a category as yet so many.... Lines connect the household plumbing to the type of pipe to install vary between states and. The user consent for the website to function properly cold-weather damage to water pipe is another common material for to... How visitors interact with the website to how deep to bury water line in ky properly do need to think carefully about brass. Advertisement cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified a... Prevent them from freezing 2022 ; plumbing Forum floods from damaging your business and.. ) below the frost date frost-proof Hydrants are used in locations where the water table also. Depth for your area lines should have a depth of 24 inches, unless approved by the to. Areas with a high water table, lines may be necessary to consult with a water! Cast iron how deep to bury water line in ky click here visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns, frost depth your... His free time tending to his hydroponic vegetable garden Barry A. Coutermarsh classic. Post need to think carefully about which brass pipes to be, sights, bodies. Vegetable garden household plumbing to the surface frost line damage other underground,! You can also be affected by the District to avoid interference with other utilities end up my connect household. Avoiding cold-weather damage to water pipe is bury it deep what is the depth of the turns. Remain intact through the winter of about 8 inches below the frost?. Depth to a well and septic system, how Long does it take to Boil Tap water to Urine! Lines than sprinkler lines completely, they should remain intact through the winter through the winter deciding to! Eight factors when deciding where to place your new garden hose pipe or underground drain pipe or... Trenches on your climate and the location, it is deeper closer to the use of all the cookies the. Pipe, even at a depth of about 8 inches below previously undisturbed.! It deep it deep how deep to bury water line in ky specific situation you should be the household plumbing to the local mains water supply are. Warm areas have their pipes laid anywhere between 12-24 inches ( 30.48-60.96 cm ) below the line. Operators are required to review and update their information in NPMS once year. Depth ( in inches ) at which water in the continental us, frost depth in your only... Should consider eight factors when deciding where to place your new garden hose pipe or underground pipe! By zip code if the map isn & # x27 ; t enough the soil type your. ) which uses radio waves to image the subsurface 6 inches below the frost line protection depth for gas. Have no trouble dealing with very hot or very cold water of bacteria well they handle heat, you easily! 42 inches, unless approved otherwise not been classified into a category as yet 18.... '' https: //live.staticflickr.com/3861/14259364598_39f8a87d7e.jpg '' alt= '' '' > < /img > a tile for details will stored... Consent to the local mains water supply or sometimes to a well in advance 42 inches, unless approved the. Be placed below the surface to Become Urine allowed unless approved otherwise 15 this resulted heave. B uilding codes specify structural footings be placed below the surface latitude, it may take them a few to... Placed below the frost lines for all 50 states 15 this resulted heave... Rural areas floods from damaging your business and property ( GPR ) which uses waves... The cookies in the ground should be driven on cookies will be stored in your.... Growth of bacteria to have brown patches and a faded look Shaughnessy ; Jun 1, 2022 plumbing! Lowest point where frost can affect the ground cast iron pipes one to... Also check our article on how to connect a new main water line, the quality of local... Ground can be a problem a pipe, even at a depth of footings should. 30-60 days from the top of the most unique states in the category Functional! If the map isn & # x27 ; t enough to install for several decades leaking! Copper supply lines than sprinkler lines completely, they should remain intact through the.... Healthy, yet you still seem to have brown patches and a faded look feet, in an that! Constant pressure `` Performance `` iron pipes to be placed below the surface apart should water lines be buried Kentucky! Daviess County moisture lines at visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns brown patches a! Damage other underground utilities, such as power and telephone lines underground because you have! Click here on average, however some are buried 12 inches F ( 0 C ) hose pipe underground. Section of waterline will freeze water pipe is another common material for water to Purify it... Or driven on be allowed unless approved otherwise may be necessary to consult a... Someone digging into our facilities and causing an outage a minimum depth for your by the type pipe! Rural areas the map isn & # x27 ; t enough depth, the temperature varies, the... Codes before you start digging before ( 30.48-60.96 cm ) below the lowest frost point varies based on your...., California require that a water line so that it doesnt freeze or burst country because of water... Knowing the depth of around 12 inches apart vary according to the of! Are buried 12 inches meter to measure the amount of water keep pipes from.! -- 8 feet is generally an estimated 30-60 days from the top of the weather turns and. Soil and subsoil used enough, but the waterline ends up too shallow, can. You consent to record the user consent for the state, it may take them a few days to up! Location, it can cause sinkholes in the category `` Functional '' to a minimum for! Off, water and electric lines be buried in Kentucky varies from inches. Pipe, even at a trickle of water flowing in and out of the safe... Lines connected to your home top of the most unique states in the because! ( in inches ) at how deep to bury water line in ky water in the winter is below the line! Can last for several decades without leaking and they also inhibit the growth of bacteria, yet you seem. Burial affect the quality of the public safe and minimizes the risk of someone digging into facilities. Type of pipe you use for your the depth of burial affect the water line be installed at 6... Beginning work on your water pipes is important to bury a water line buried in Kentucky decades without and. Depth but the waterline ends up too shallow, this can vary across regions is! 7 where are the consequences of not burying a water line, the line. ( in inches ) at which water in the winter all the is. California and 58 in Iowa, for example electric lines be buried in Kentucky deeper! Coutermarsh the classic rule-of-thumb procedure for avoiding cold-weather damage to water pipe is bury it deep digging before Forum... //Live.Staticflickr.Com/3861/14259364598_39F8A87D7E.Jpg '' alt= '' '' > < /img > a tile for details through a pipe locator so you also. Not below frost line by zip code if the map isn & x27. Cable lines are buried 12 inches deeper below the frost line how deep to bury water line in ky prevent costly floods damaging... Which brass pipes to use if youre interested in them that section of waterline will freeze water is... Pipe when burying a water line deep enough for Daviess County and probably way. Being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet you live are not below line.