discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia

The MannKendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. In order to determine the variability, heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall in time and space, the PCI was employed. 5.1 Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. Spatiotemporal Distribution of RainfallRainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. This holds true in both the highlands and lowlands.

Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. The variation inthe amount of solar radiation received daily is small throughout the year. WebThis zone has warmer temperature and moderate rainfall. Controlled grazing: Intensive, permanent and continuous grazing facilitate erosion and loss of fertile soil, resulting in low productivity and further shortages of grazing land. Our analysis is focused on describing spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the study area including detection of trends, with no attempt at providing meteorological explanations to any of the patterns or trends. These have been inconclusive due to the diverse geography, and the role of elevation has significantly influenced the rainfall and temperature distribution of the region (Gamachu 1988; Gebre et al. For instance, the mean annual rainfall distribution ranges from > 2000 mm over the southwestern highlands to a minimum of < 300 mm over the southeastern and northwestern lowlands. 2012; Fazzini et al. In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and theannual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes. Therefore, it can be concluded that during the last 35 years there have been continuous changes and variations of climatic variables in the watershed. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW stations respectively. The rainfall and temperature daily records over 35 years (19802014) for the Beressa watershed were obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia from seven stations; hence rainfall on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis were derived from the daily data. 2014). The data is mostly observed station data supplemented by bias-corrected AgMERRA climate data. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. Spatiotemporal Distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. The percentage changes of mean annual temperature were found to be at maximum change for SD station (31.30%) and at minimum change for DB station (7.60%). During this season, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii. During the time sequence, the oscillation of the curve indicates speedy movement. Moving average rainfall and temperature can be obtained by using the following equation: Inverse distance weighted interpolation methods (IDW) have been used in order to analyse annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. The coefficient of variation is higher during the rainfall in the bega and belg seasons than the rainy season (kiremit rainfall season), as shown in Table2. Afar and parts ofEritrean coastal areas experience rainfall in this period. The results of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in four out of seven stations. Therefore, soil management practice is one of the most important mechanisms for climate change adaptation strategies because crops grown on fertile soils with a deeper soil profile and structure can store extra moisture and enable access to sufficient amounts of water. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW On the basis of the results obtained from the MK test (Zmk), it is vital to discuss the intensity and magnitude on the economical and socio-ecological impacts of climatic variability in the Beressa watershed if the seasonal rainfall variability continuously increases in the future. Winter rainfall regionThis rainfall region receives rain from the northeasterly winds. 2002; Suryavanshi et al. (2011), rainfall dependent agriculture, particularly in developing countries, is highly susceptible and vulnerable to increases in temperature and hence the decrease in rainfall adversely affects crop production. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. Rainfall Regions of EthiopiaBased on rainfall distribution, both in space and time, four rainfall regions can be identifiedin Ethiopia and the Horn. The average rainfallvaries from less than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv. Soil management: Soil erosion and degradation reduces crop productivity for traditional farming practices (particularly for mountainous area like the Beressa watershed), as erosion and degradation occurs at a higher rate than fertile soil formation. WebThis study assessed the historical (19832005) and future (20262100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). The data is mostly observed station data supplemented by bias-corrected AgMERRA climate data. The negative trends show that the seasons have become drier in the last 35 years. The Sen's slope estimator was employed after Mann-Kendal test statistics in order to determine the change and variability of rainfall and temperature trends through time series. Cattle and sheep are the dominant types of livestock, but goats, horses, and chickens are also common in the area. Out of seven stations, long-term annual maximum temperature has shown a significantly increasing trend (three stations at 5% significance level and two stations at 10% significance level). The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude. Perks of using powerful ERP tools like Odoo ERP, Impact of the global pandemic on online businesses. 5.1 Therefore, the moving average value is referring not to a single number; rather it shows a set of numbers. As can be seen from this figure, during the summer (kiremit) season the distribution of rainfall is slightly better than the spring and winter season, and varies from 4595 and 1231 mm/season respectively. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. The northeasterly winds crossing the Red Seacarry very little moisture and supplies rain only to the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv. Similarly, a significantly upward trend of maximum temperature was observed in all stations varying from 0.023 C/year and 4.00% in GIN station with a maximum value of 0.21 C/year and 37.60% in ENW station. WebThe period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. Even though some recovery did emerge in the years 1988, 1992 and 1996, until the year 1998 the long-term annual rainfall was lower than the mean. 5.3.2. According to Al-Bakri et al. During the winter season, the Redsea escarpments and some parts of the Afar region receive their main rain. Therefore, saving provides insurance at times of climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and increase the degree of resilience. Therefore, there were no gaps in the data series. New technologies.. Travel sector is considered to be a profitable industry these days and the ever-growing popularity of social.. Daspal Technology is a preferred and well-established business partner for industries and corporates.. The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation,resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. The convergence of Northeast Trade winds and the Equatorial Westerlies forms theITCZ, which is a low-pressure zone.The inter-annual oscillation of the surface position of theITCZ causes a variation in the Wind flow patterns over Ethiopia and the Horn. Rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with crop production. According to Anderson (1942), in order to exclude the influence of serial correlation, before using MK test statistics, serial autocorrelation is tested by Lag-I autocorrelation using different levels of significance (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1%). The data is mostly observed station data supplemented by bias-corrected AgMERRA climate data. Barley and wheat production show considerably high correlation with rainfall during the months of May and June. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. The production of beans was below 18-year mean in nine years out of 18 years production periods, as indicated in Table5, which accounts for 50% of the total bean production; while in respect of kiremit rainfall pea, chickpea, and lentil production (50, 50 and 55.5% respectively) were below the 18-year mean. The details of these stations have already been presented in Table2. 2006; Rashid et al. In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. Therefore, information related to various climatic parameters of the area to the local level is of paramount importance in order to plan for other development issues. WebThis zone has warmer temperature and moderate rainfall.

Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2. Out of seven stations, one station was statistically significant, increasing at 5% during kiremit season.

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Distribution of Temperature and Rainfall in Ethiopia, 5.5. Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. About 60 percent of the rain is in autumn and 40 percent in spring. The elevation ranges from 2,747 to 3,674 m a.s.l. WebEthiopias daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages. Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. This development mainly happens in July in Ethiopia and the Horn causingvariability and seasonality.The ITCZ shifts towards south of equator (Tropic of Capricorn) in January.

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